Insurance Articles

New Instrument Brings Next-generation Molecular Analysis of Mars into Sharp Focus
New Instrument Brings Next-generation Molecular Analysis of Mars into Sharp Focus themetestcroca

To address the growing need for in situ molecular analysis of Mars samples at fine spatial scales, NASA is developing the miniature LITMS instrument, which combines a laser and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer with a precision subsampling system. LITMS executes…

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In the Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, the National Academy of Sciences recommended to NASA a series of competed probe-class missions, including one with far-infrared (FIR) imaging or spectroscopy capabilities. The Academy also recommended that technology development for a future flagship-class FIR mission commence. Both types of missions would require cryogenic telescopes with unprecedented sensitivities and mapping speeds to enable FIR science. Telescopes with these capabilities would allow the astronomical community to address a wide range of scientific objectives such as measuring the masses of protoplanetary disks; tracking the role of water, ice, and volatiles in planet formation; and investigating the interplay between the interstellar medium and star formation across the Milky Way. A cryogenic FIR observatory would also allow scientists to diagnose the state of gas and its radiation environment in nearby galaxies, including outer galaxy disks and extra-planar material associated with feedback and gas accretion. In addition, observations made with these advanced telescopes would allow scientists to study the evolution of galaxies and the matter they are made of throughout the history of the universe—from the formation of the first dust clouds, to star-forming galaxies at the cosmic noon (a time when significantly more stars per time unit were formed than today). Such studies could also include detailed investigations of the matter that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is made of. Observing light at the wavelengths invisible to our eyes, these observatories will be able to see through the layers of matter that block the light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Even regions where foreground matter completely blocks the view (like the bricks of a house that will not let see you what is inside) will be visible in the far-infrared. These new telescopes will be able to observe massive black holes that are embedded in the dense central regions of many galaxies. Such observations will allow astronomers to determine how the creation of black holes proceeded throughout the history of the universe. To make these types of observations, NASA’s future telescopes need robust, high-sensitivity, kilopixel-format arrays that operate over the entire far-IR spectrum. Previously, some of the key technologies needed for these arrays were demonstrated on the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera (HAWC+) on the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Those detectors provided excellent performance for suborbital far-IR applications, but their production was very labor intensive with relatively low fabrication yields. The remaining major technologies required to enable future FIR space-based telescopes are: (a) robust detector array architectures with approximately 100,000 individual pixels and (b) integrated readout multiplexers that can meet the ultra-low noise requirements of space missions. The NASA Astrophysics Division’s Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) Program is sponsoring a team from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado to address this need. Led by Dr. Johannes Staguhn at the Johns Hopkins University/GSFC, the team is maturing and streamlining the processing required to produce arrays with large numbers of pixels (10,000) that can be tiled to deliver the desired 100,000 pixel count. The project will advance the technology to Technical Readiness Level 5 (defined as component and/or breadboard validation in a relevant environment), an important step towards maturation of technologies for eventual space flight. Enabling a Kilopixel Detector Array The team has successfully produced all the individual components required for the new detectors. First, the team developed detector wafers that could be bonded together to produce a detector with the required 100,000 pixels. The figure below shows a picture of the detector wafer (left image), which consists of 1024 individual pixels. The image on the right shows a zoomed-in view of part of an individual pixel. Each pixel contains one superconducting detector, which is a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) made from aluminum manganese (AlMn). Part of the absorber mesh, which is tuned to the electromagnetic radiation coming from the telescope, can also be seen in the righthand image.
In the Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, the National Academy of Sciences recommended to NASA a series of competed probe-class missions, including one with far-infrared (FIR) imaging or spectroscopy capabilities. The Academy also recommended that technology development for a future flagship-class FIR mission commence. Both types of missions would require cryogenic telescopes with unprecedented sensitivities and mapping speeds to enable FIR science. Telescopes with these capabilities would allow the astronomical community to address a wide range of scientific objectives such as measuring the masses of protoplanetary disks; tracking the role of water, ice, and volatiles in planet formation; and investigating the interplay between the interstellar medium and star formation across the Milky Way. A cryogenic FIR observatory would also allow scientists to diagnose the state of gas and its radiation environment in nearby galaxies, including outer galaxy disks and extra-planar material associated with feedback and gas accretion. In addition, observations made with these advanced telescopes would allow scientists to study the evolution of galaxies and the matter they are made of throughout the history of the universe—from the formation of the first dust clouds, to star-forming galaxies at the cosmic noon (a time when significantly more stars per time unit were formed than today). Such studies could also include detailed investigations of the matter that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is made of. Observing light at the wavelengths invisible to our eyes, these observatories will be able to see through the layers of matter that block the light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Even regions where foreground matter completely blocks the view (like the bricks of a house that will not let see you what is inside) will be visible in the far-infrared. These new telescopes will be able to observe massive black holes that are embedded in the dense central regions of many galaxies. Such observations will allow astronomers to determine how the creation of black holes proceeded throughout the history of the universe. To make these types of observations, NASA’s future telescopes need robust, high-sensitivity, kilopixel-format arrays that operate over the entire far-IR spectrum. Previously, some of the key technologies needed for these arrays were demonstrated on the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera (HAWC+) on the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Those detectors provided excellent performance for suborbital far-IR applications, but their production was very labor intensive with relatively low fabrication yields. The remaining major technologies required to enable future FIR space-based telescopes are: (a) robust detector array architectures with approximately 100,000 individual pixels and (b) integrated readout multiplexers that can meet the ultra-low noise requirements of space missions. The NASA Astrophysics Division’s Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) Program is sponsoring a team from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado to address this need. Led by Dr. Johannes Staguhn at the Johns Hopkins University/GSFC, the team is maturing and streamlining the processing required to produce arrays with large numbers of pixels (10,000) that can be tiled to deliver the desired 100,000 pixel count. The project will advance the technology to Technical Readiness Level 5 (defined as component and/or breadboard validation in a relevant environment), an important step towards maturation of technologies for eventual space flight. Enabling a Kilopixel Detector Array The team has successfully produced all the individual components required for the new detectors. First, the team developed detector wafers that could be bonded together to produce a detector with the required 100,000 pixels. The figure below shows a picture of the detector wafer (left image), which consists of 1024 individual pixels. The image on the right shows a zoomed-in view of part of an individual pixel. Each pixel contains one superconducting detector, which is a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) made from aluminum manganese (AlMn). Part of the absorber mesh, which is tuned to the electromagnetic radiation coming from the telescope, can also be seen in the righthand image. themetestcroca

Tina Hesman Saey’s estimation, “closer to 300 years.” From February to April 2020, the Science News senior molecular biology writer had produced a flurry of stories on the new coronavirus that wove together findings from dozens of scientific papers and reports. Her…

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New Superconducting Sensor Arrays Will Enable Future Far-Infrared Space Missions
New Superconducting Sensor Arrays Will Enable Future Far-Infrared Space Missions themetestcroca

In the Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, the National Academy of Sciences recommended to NASA a series of competed probe-class missions, including one with far-infrared (FIR) imaging or spectroscopy capabilities. The Academy also recommended that technology development for a…

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PM congratulates Indian women cricket team for winning the Women’s Asia Cup
PM congratulates Indian women cricket team for winning the Women’s Asia Cup 1200 565 themetestcroca

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has congratulated the Indian women cricket team for winning the 7th Women’s Asia Cup. In response to a tweet by the International Cricket Council, the Prime Minister said; “Our women cricket team makes us…

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PM dedicates 75 Digital Banking Units across 75 districts to the nation
PM dedicates 75 Digital Banking Units across 75 districts to the nation 150 150 themetestcroca

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi dedicated 75 Digital Banking Units (DBU) across 75 districts to the nation via video conferencing. Addressing the gathering, the Prime Minister started by stressing that the 75 Digital Banking Units (DBU) will further financial…

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PM to review site work progress of National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal on 18th October
PM to review site work progress of National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal on 18th October 150 150 themetestcroca

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will review the site work progress of the National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal, Gujarat on 18th October 2022 at around 5 PM via video conferencing. This will be followed by his address on the…

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Digital News Report 2022
Digital News Report 2022 themetestcroca

This year’s report reveals new insights about digital news consumption based on a YouGov survey of over 93,000 online news consumers in 46 markets covering half of the world’s population. The report documents ways in which the connection between journalism…

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PM’s Speech at the 90th INTERPOL General Assembly
PM’s Speech at the 90th INTERPOL General Assembly 150 150 themetestcroca

My colleague in the Union Cabinet, Shri Amit Shah, Interpol President Shri Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi, Interpol Secretary General Shri Jurgen Stock, Director of CBI Shri S.K. Jaiswal, Distinguished Delegates and Participants. I extend a warm welcome to everyone for the…

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Association (HOA) and How Does It Work
Association (HOA) and How Does It Work 150 150 themetestcroca

A homeowner association (HOA) is an organization in a subdivision, planned community, or condominium building that makes and enforces rules for the properties and residents. Those who purchase property within an HOA’s jurisdiction automatically become members and are required to pay dues, which…

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Does Homeowners Insurance Cover Plumbing
Does Homeowners Insurance Cover Plumbing 150 150 themetestcroca

Homeowners insurance covers plumbing damage when there’s a sudden and accidental problem, such as a burst pipe that floods your basement. But home insurance typically won’t cover preventable or gradual water damage. The dwelling coverage component in your homeowners insurance pays to rebuild…

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